The programme is mainly designed as a training course for research into economics. The teaching methods vary according to objectives. The ex cathedra courses enable students to acquire basic tools for research into economics. Depending on the subject, there may also be additional practical work or reading tasks using relevant academic articles. Students learn how to communicate the results of their research orally through the dissertation seminars. The dissertation helps students to write academic articles. Finally, through Research seminars I and II, students learn how to understand and synthesize presentations which cover new research ground. 聽聽