小瓢虫传媒

Promoteurs : Bruno Schoumaker (UCLouvain), Marie-Laurence Flahaux (Aix-Marseille)
Financement : UCLouvain

Le projet migratoire, dans sa dimension dynamique et temporelle, est une projection dans l鈥檃venir, sans cesse amen茅e 脿 锚tre red茅finie en fonction du contexte et des strat茅gies sociales et/ou individuelles. A ce titre, il est consid茅r茅 comme un bon 芦 proxy 禄 pour mesurer les 茅ventuelles (r茅) migrations. Il a surtout 茅t茅 茅tudi茅 pour les individus qui n鈥檕nt jamais quitt茅 leur pays d鈥檕rigine mais, de plus en plus d鈥櫭┏俪芑灞鸩� s鈥檌nt茅ressent aux projets migratoires de ceux qui ont d茅j脿 migr茅 et qui souhaitent retourner dans leur pays d鈥檕rigine ou migrer ailleurs. Ces mouvements, qualifi茅s de "r茅migrations" s鈥檈xpliquent dans la litt茅rature soit comme un 茅chec de l鈥檌nt茅gration 脿 destination soit comme une strat茅gie de subsistance dans laquelle la r茅migration est une suite logique du processus migratoire. Plusieurs facteurs 脿 la fois familiaux, socio-茅conomiques et politiques ont 茅t茅 abord茅s dans la litt茅rature pour expliquer d鈥檜n c么t茅 le projet migratoire et de l鈥檃utre la r茅migration alors que la r茅migration s鈥檌nscrit le plus souvent dans un projet migratoire. Une autre limite de la litt茅rature sur la r茅migration est que la dimension politique est, 脿 ce jour, moins analys茅e empiriquement. Cette recherche pr茅sente l鈥檃vantage (1) d鈥櫭﹖udier les intentions migratoires et les comportements migratoires r茅els des migrants africains dans un contexte pr茅cis, (2) d鈥檃rticuler deux approches d鈥檃nalyse -micro et macro- qui interrogent le v茅cu, la situation familiale et les effets des politiques migratoires pour expliquer les projets migratoires et la r茅migration et enfin (3) de comprendre comment les processus sociaux varient selon les contextes en analysant les effets de l鈥櫭﹙olution du contexte socio-茅conomique dans quatre pays d鈥檕rigine (RD. Congo, Cameroun, Rwanda et Burundi) et en Belgique sur la r茅migration. Pour y arriver, les donn茅es quantitatives, notamment de l鈥橢nqu锚te POMBE, du Registre national belge coupl茅 aux donn茅es de la Banque carrefour de la s茅curit茅 sociale et de donn茅es contextuelles DEMIG POLICY, seront mobilis茅es et les donn茅es qualitatives permettront d鈥檃ffiner les hypoth猫ses et d鈥櫭﹖offer les r茅sultats quantitatifs. Des analyses transversales et biographiques permettront d鈥檈xpliquer d鈥檜ne part, le projet migratoire et l鈥檕ccurrence de la r茅migration au niveau 芦 Micro 禄 et d鈥檃utre part, d鈥檈stimer l鈥檈ffet de l鈥櫭﹙olution du contexte socio-茅conomique dans le pays d鈥檕rigine comme de destination et de politiques migratoires en Belgique sur la r茅migration au niveau 芦Macro禄.

Promotrice : Schnor听Christine (UCLouvain)
Financement : FSR

Over the years, an increase in the prevalence of lone parent households has occurred in all Western countries. Current research shows that lone parents are a particularly vulnerable social group at high risk of poverty or social exclusion. However, it is not clear whether the socioeconomic disadvantage of lone parents is due to the fact of being a lone parent itself (causation mechanism) or because of selection mechanism into lone parenthood. Additionally, the increasing phenomenon of lone fatherhood brings out the gender dimension to the attention: are lone fathers and lone mothers facing the same difficulties in terms of reconciliation of work and family life? Does a higher involvement of fathers allow mothers to work fulltime?
By adopting a longitudinal life course approach, this project aims to tackle these and other overdue unanswered questions regarding the relationship between lone parent families and socioeconomic inequalities: 1) which mechanisms and socioeconomic determinants related to lone parenthood, and 2) whether socioeconomic differences between lone mothers and lone fathers have been reduced over the time. The data used are mainly from the Belgian National Register and Censuses.

Promoteurs : Eggerickx听Thierry (UCLouvain),听Verhaegen听Etienne (UCLouvain)
Financement : UCLouvain-FSR/FRESH2020

The magnitude of socio-environmental concerns makes the need to inquire into the social responses induced and their impacts from a scientific point of view more and more relevant every day. This is what this project seeks to contribute to. To that end, the thesis will investigate the inclusive dimension claimed by the Transition Towns Move颅ment through its review in Wallonia.
Since its foundation in the early 2000s this social movement raised the development of local and convivial communities as a key adaptation measure for climate change and natural resources scar颅city. Distrustful of the political capacities to act in time and of the individual capacities to do enough, the movement favors the community scale to get everyone aboard the Ecological Transition boat. However, despite an interesting diversity of environmental practices, scientific literature highlights sociological homogeneity trends within the movement and a predisposition of growing in (neo)"rural" areas.
The thesis will therefore assess the relationships between the socio-spatial segregation tendencies in Wallonia, the diffusion of the movement and its understanding of inclusiveness through an unprecedented socio-demographic analysis. 1) The movement and its diffusion will be screened together with an analysis of inequalities in Wallonia in order to determine the extent to which it anchors itself in privileged environments ; 2) several places will be selected for a field study (semi-structured interviews, participant observations) to get an in-depth of the actors' practices and discourses revolving around the concept of inclusiveness ; 3) a socio-demographic inquiry will be held to evaluate the movement's supposed homogeneity.
This thesis aims to grasp the relation and the reflexivity of the movement's environmentalism towards social fractures. In doing so, it seeks to shed light on the relationships between social and environmental issues.

Promoteurs : Bocquier Philippe (UCLouvain), Guillot Michel (INED & University of Pennsylvania, Population studies center)
Financement : Fonds propres

La sante虂 des migrants constitue un enjeu pour la sante虂 publique aussi bien dans les pays d鈥檕rigine que dans les pays d鈥榓ccueil. Les migrants sont confronte虂s a虁 de nombreuses difficulte虂s dans leur pays d鈥檃ccueil qui sont susceptibles d鈥檃ffecter leur sante虂 et celle de leurs enfants ; ce qui n鈥檈st pas sans effet sur le de虂ce虁s de ces derniers. L鈥檕bjectif de cette recherche est de contribuer a虁 documenter les ine虂galite虂s en matie虁re de sante虂 moins connues que celles lie虂es aux difficulte虂s socio-e虂conomiques (niveaux d鈥檌nstruction et revenus plus faibles, emplois moins qualifie虂s, etc.) et aux phe虂nome虁nes de discrimination auxquels font face les immigre虂s. Elle permettra e虂galement d鈥檌nformer les politiques de sante虂 visant a虁 cibler les groupes vulne虂rables et a虁 re虂duire les disparite虂s socio-sanitaires.
La pr茅sente recherche permettra de mesurer, a虁 partir des donne虂es de l鈥橢虂chantillon De虂mographique Permanent (EDP) en France et le registre belge de population, la mortalite虂 infanto-juve虂nile (mortalite虂 des enfants de moins de 5 ans) au sein des diffe虂rents groupes de migrants, de comparer la mortalite虂 infanto-juve虂nile des migrants subsahariens a虁 celles des populations majoritaires (natifs franc抬ais ou belges) et des autres groupes de migrant (Afrique du Nord, autres pays d鈥橢urope, Asie, etc.) puis d'examiner les e虂ventuelles variations entre la France et la Belgique.
Les analyses vont s鈥檃ppuyer sur des mode虁les quantitatifs longitudinaux et permettront, gr芒ce a虁 une me虂thode approprie虂e de l鈥檃ppariement (matching) sur des variables socio-de虂mographiques, de comparer la mortalite虂 infanto- juve虂nile des migrants entre ces deux pays afin de mieux contro虃ler les effets de se虂lection des migrants.

Promotrice: Christine Schnor
Financement: UCLouvain - FSR

This project investigates a relatively new way of entering motherhood: not living with a partner, at advanced ages (30+). Late single motherhood increased with educational expansion, postponement of childbirth, and new reproductive technologies. Using Belgian register data, this project will look into how women's age, socioeconomic status, and proximity to parents affect the likelihood, heterogeneity, and stability of single motherhood. The research will differentiate single mothers by mode of conception (natural versus medically-assisted) and听by听information on the father in the population register (whether or not the father has recognized the child). Income-changes and partnership-formation after the onset of single motherhood will also be analyzed.听

Promoteurs : Masquelier Bruno (UCLouvain), Devleesschauwer Brecht (Sciensano), Faes Christel (UHasselt)
Financement : BELSPO

Disparities in health and well-being between socioeconomic (SE) groups are one of the major challenges for public health sectors worldwide. Despite the joint efforts of the Belgian authorities and other stakeholders to close the gap in SE and health inequalities, there is still a high proportion of Belgian population who is affected by material and social deprivation, and experiences health inequalities. New studies, using a more complex indicator of SE deprivation than education or income alone, are needed to precisely identify the hot spots of SE health inequalities. Therefore, we aim to develop an innovative area-level index of multiple deprivation (IMD) that would measure disparities accurately and over time, and implement this at the level of statistical sector (i.e., the smallest administrative subdivision of Belgium). The IMD will allow analyzing and comparing deprivation in small areas across Belgium, identifying which of them are among the most deprived, and exploring which type of deprivation are more prominent within areas. The IMD will be further used in studying the SE health inequalities in Belgium at the aggregate level. Since ecological bias are unavoidable, its magnitude will be assessed using alternative, individual approaches. It will help our understanding of whether there are social or health-related opportunities related to tackling neighborhood SE health inequalities.

Promoteurs : Eggerickx Thierry (UCLouvain), Rousseaux Xavier (UCLouvain)
Financement : BELSPO/BRAIN

Cette recherche, men茅e dans le cadre du projet IPV-PRO&POL (Intimate Partner Violence: Impact, Processes, Evolution and Related Public Policies in Belgium), vise d鈥檜ne part 脿 茅tudier l鈥櫭﹙olution de la mortalit茅 violente en Belgique, et d鈥檃utre part 脿 comprendre plus particuli猫rement les m茅canismes en jeu dans les violences entre conjoints et les homicides conjugaux. Les donn茅es utilis茅es proviennent du Registre national, des recensements, du syst猫me informatique des parquets correctionnels (TPI), mais aussi de dossiers de justice et d鈥檈ntretiens avec des auteurs et des victimes de violences.

Promotrices :听Schnor Christine (UCLouvain),听Jalovaara Marika (University of Turku 鈥� UTU)
Financement : Mandat d'assistante UCLouvain

In recent decades, lifelong singlehood and childlessness have increased across many European countries. Family formations have become a more extended sequence of demographic events as a result of demographic behavior changes such as the postponement of marriage and motherhood, and the increasing popularity of unmarried cohabitation and union dissolution. The rise of childlessness rates has fueled interest in this phenomenon and the reasons for it. While existing research has explored complexities in the life-course of childless people, few studies have examined (biological) childless鈥� partnership biographies, how it is linked to contemporary union dynamics, and how it differs between countries. On the one hand, this project aims to capture the heterogeneity of partnership trajectories leading to childlessness. Using sequence and cluster analyses, this research considers how the joint occurrence, timing, and duration of multiple states in a union trajectory are associated with childlessness. On the other hand, as remaining never partnered is a strong determinant of childlessness, we focus on life trajectories of individuals that have never been in a coresidential partnership and explore their specific characteristics, with an emphasis on the family of origin鈥檚 characteristics. Based on the observed residential and income patterns, socioeconomic status, and the family of origin鈥檚 characteristics, we develop a typology of partnerless trajectories that led to childlessness, emphasizing the importance of understanding this specific population as a heterogeneous group. From a cross-country comparison, we study Finland and Belgium to explore the nature of childlessness and the social settings: how similar are childless adults in different countries? Analyses are based on high-quality (administrative) data covering the complete registered populations. Shedding light on the diversity of partnership trajectories, the present research contributes to the existing literature by studying lifetime childlessness as a complex process outcome rather than a distinct cross-sectional state.

Promoteur : Bruno Schoumaker
Financement : Mandat d鈥檃ssistante d鈥檈nseignement en m茅thodes quantitatives (UCLouvain)

Despite large fluctuations from one year to the next, Belgium receives many applications for international protection each year. Depending on the influence of social, economic and political context of the host and origin countries, the number of first applications for international protection fluctuates between 11.000 and 43.000 per year over the period 2000-2020 (Commissariat G茅n茅ral aux R茅fugi茅s et aux Apatrides (CGRA), 2015, 2021). As a result, scientific interest in asylum seekers and refugee populations has increased significantly, with many studies published on the subject, particularly on the integration in the host countries. However, few studies currently exist on the subsequent migrations of these immigrants (Stewart & Shaffer, 2015), i.e. the internal and/or international mobility trajectories these individuals experience once registered in a host country. The aim of this research is to describe and understand the subsequent migration of applicants for international protection in Belgium from the early 2000s to the most recent period (2020). Based on national register data, it will particularly focus on the internal migrations within the Belgian territory during the asylum procedure and afterwards (whether the migrant has been granted a protection or not). Using a longitudinal approach, this work will examine internal migration pathways and link them to other trajectories (family, administrative or professional), allowing both a description of the situations and an explanation based on various determinants possible. Understanding where asylum applicants settle and why allows to put their integration in Belgium into perspective.

Sources cit茅es dans le r茅sum茅 :
Commissariat G茅n茅ral aux r茅fugi茅s et aux apatrides (CGRA), 2015, Statistiques d鈥檃sile鈥擝ilan 2014, CGVS/CGRA, https://www.cgra.be/sites/default/files/statistiques_asile_decembre_2014_externe.pdf
Commissariat G茅n茅ral aux r茅fugi茅s et aux apatrides (CGRA), 2021, Statistiques d鈥檃sile鈥�: D茅cembre 2020, CGVS/CGRA. https://www.cgra.be/sites/default/files/statistiques_dasile_decembre_2020.pdf
Stewart E., Shaffer M., 2015, Moving on? Dispersal Policy, Onward Migration and Integration of Refugees in the UK, University of Strathclyde, https://ec.europa.eu/migrant-integration/library-document/moving-dispersal-policy-onward-migration-and-integration-refugees-uk_en